TOEFL An English language exam (IELTS, TOEFL, TOEFL iBT, or the C2 Cambridge English Proficiency exam) is required of all applicants who are citizens of a country in which English is not the primary language. Exceptions to this policy will be considered for candidates who have been in the US or in a country whose official language is English for four years or longer and have received a degree from a college or university in the US or a native English speaking country. In these cases, candidates are asked to provide a letter from a faculty member attesting to their English proficiency. Our minimum required scores for English language testing is as follows: TOEFL (standard) - 600 TOEFL (computer based) - 200 TOEFL (iBT) - 100 IELTS An English language exam (IELTS, TOEFL, TOEFL iBT, or the C2 Cambridge English Proficiency exam) is required of all applicants who are citizens of a country in which English is not the primary language. Exceptions to this policy will be considered for candidates who have been in the US or in a country whose official language is English for four years or longer and have received a degree from a college or university in the US or a native English speaking country. In these cases, candidates are asked to provide a letter from a faculty member attesting to their English proficiency. Our minimum required scores for English language testing is as follows: IELTS - 7 GRE There are no minimum standards for GRE scores

PS In the Statement of Objectives, summarize your interests, academic and scientific achievements, research experience, and the research you hope to undertake as a doctoral student, if known Fee A $75 application fee. RL Three letters of recommendation. Letters of recommendation are extremely important to us. You should solicit letters from scientists with whom you have worked, if you have been involved in research; in all cases, seek letters from people who can provide concrete and detailed information about you and your scientific and academic abilities. Letters should be sent via the on-line application system. Please note: an optional fourth letter may also be sent through our system Transcript An official undergraduate transcript from each institution attended. This should be scanned and uploaded to your online application. Please be sure that a list of fall term courses is included in this official transcript, or, if your institution does not list fall term courses on transcripts before grades are final, send an unofficial record of fall term courses, appended to your transcript and uploaded with it. Send your fall term grades as soon as they are available by going back into your application and uploading either an unofficial report or an official transcript if possible. A hard copy of your transcript may be requested later if additional processing is required; please do not send a hard copy of your transcript until we ask that you do so. Graduate transcript (if applicable)